|
South Africa has a liberal constitution that protects all basic political freedoms. However there have been many incidents of political repression, dating back to at least 2002,〔(Housing battles in post-Apartheid South Africa: The Case of Mandela Park, Khayelitsha ), by Martin Legassick, ''South African Labour Bulletin'', 2003〕 as well as threats of future repression in violation of this constitution leading some analysts, civil society organisations and popular movements to conclude that there is a new climate of political repression〔(The Return of State Repression ), Professor J. Duncan, ''South African Civil Society Information Services'', 31 May 2010〕〔(Increasing police repression highlighted by recent cases ), Freedom of Expression Institute, 2006〕〔(Activists decry talk of 'third force' at Marikana ), by Niren Tolsi, ''Mail & Guardian'', 2012〕 or a decline in political tolerance.〔(Political tolerance on the wane in South Africa ), Imraan Buccus, SA Reconciliation Barometer, 2011〕 Bishop Rubin Phillip has said that "a dark night is settling over our country as the light of our democratic dawn dims".〔(Biko: A bright guiding light in dark times ), Bishop Rubin Phillip, 19 September 2012〕 Some have linked the increase in repression to the influence of the 'security cluster' under the Jacob Zuma presidency.〔(Jane Duncan on the ever-increasing power of SA's security cabal ), Mandy de Waal, ''The Daily Maverick'', 16 June 2011〕〔(Zuma: Why we're not laughing any more ), Hennie van Vuuren, ''Mail & Guardian'', 17 August 2012〕 It has been argued that "Zuma has enhanced the coercive capacity of the state"〔(The 'Gatvol' Factor ), Jane Duncan, ''SACSIS'', January 2011〕 and that he has focused on "building a state based on fear".〔(Electing for lesser evil will not get us very far ), Palessa Morudu, ''Business Day'', 11 September 2012〕 It has also been argued that repression has affected poor people's organisations most seriously but that repression directed against poor people has been systemically under-reported in the media.〔(Media underplaying police, state brutality ), Jane Duncan, ''Sunday Independent'', 26 August 2012〕 Serious concern has been expressed about police brutality in South Africa.〔(No end in sight for police brutality in South Africa ), Justice Malala, ''The Guardian'', 21 February 2013〕 Sipho Hlongwane, writing in ''Business Day'', has argued that "South Africa is a brutal police state."〔(This brutal police state in which we live ), Sipho Hlongwane, ''Business Day'', 22 January 2013〕〔(The lang-arm of the law is a deadly dance ), Jane Duncan, ''Mail & Guardian'', 8 August 2013〕 According to Greg Marinovich "The police are acting with impunity. Their political masters are acting with impunity. In the South Africa of 2012, if you are poor and without political clout, you are on your own."〔(Marikana: A cover-up for all to see ), Greg Marinovich, ''Daily Maverick'', 6 November 2012〕 Amnesty International has expressed serious concerns about brutality, including torture and extrajudicial killings, at the hands of the police in South Africa.〔(Police brutality comes as a surprise? Really? ), Pierre de Vos, ''Daily Maverick'', 1 March 2012〕〔(Amnesty International South Africa Report ), 2012〕 Ronnie Kasrils has argued that there has been a "descent into police state depravity" under Jacob Zuma.〔(Mr President, arrest this descent into police state depravity ), Ronnie Kasrils, ''Mail & Guardian'', 6 March 2013〕 It has been observed that "Torture is routine practice in South Africa's police stations and prisons".〔(), Fish rot from the head, Carolyne Raphaely, ''Open Democracy'', 20 March 2014〕 ==Threats to media freedom== Under Jacob Zuma the ANC has expressed open opposition to media freedom.〔(Jacob Zuma and the second transition: The print media ), Mandy de Waal, ''The Daily Maverick'', 18 June 2012〕 Serious concern has been expressed about the proposed Media Appeals Tribunal and Protection of Information Bill which, if passed, would significantly reduce press freedom.〔(FXI makes submissions to Parliament on the Protection of Information Bill )〕〔(The Real Fear Factor: Secrecy as the Mask of Power ), Dr. Dale T. McKinley, ''South African Civil Society Information Services'', 11 April 2011〕〔(Revise Protection of Information Bill ), ‘’Human Rights Watch’’, November 2010〕〔(Amnesty red flag police brutality ), Craig Dodds, 13 May 2011〕〔(Amnesty International South Africa Report 2011 )〕〔〔(The Secrecy Bill: Speak Now or Forever be Gagged ), by Dale T. McKinley, ''SACSIS'', 8 June 2011〕 There have been a number of reports of serious intimidation of journalists.〔(ANC ratchets up its anti-media campaign in provinces ), Mandy de Waal, ''The Daily Maverick'', 6 July 2011〕 In 2007 the Freedom of Expression Institute and ''The Mercury'' newspaper reported a death threat against a journalist in Durban by controversial local businessman Ricky Govender who claims close links with Jacob Zuma.〔(Police repression in Protea South an indicator of a national trend ), Freedom of Expression Institute, 5 September 2007〕 In Durban in 2009 the editor of the ''The Mercury'', Philani Makhanya, laid a charge of intimidation against S'bu Mpisani, a politically connected contractor for the housing department in that city who had allegedly threatened the newspaper for its investigations into his activities.〔(The rise and fall of Shauwn and S’bu Mpisane, Durban’s Teflon Couple ), Nikki Moore, ''The Daily Maverick'', 11 February 2011〕 In Port Elizabeth the branch chairperson of the ruling African National Congress (ANC), Nceba Faku, called for party supporters to burn down the offices of the local newspaper the ''Daily Dispatch'' in 2011.〔(Faku: Burn down the press ), LUYOLO MKENTANE, ''The Daily Dispatch'', 20 May 2011〕 In 2012 Piet Rampedi and Adriaan Bassoon, journalists at the ''City Press'', were subject to various threats and forms of intimidation while covering a story on corruption by Julius Malema〔(The price of investigating Julius Malema ), Greg Nicholson, ''The Daily Maverick'', 23 July 2012〕 Also in 2012 ANC supporters publicly burnt copies of the ''City Press'' newspaper in Durban.〔(‘Spear’ fury shatters Haffajee ), Shain Germaner, ''IOL'', 28 May 2012〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Political repression in post-apartheid South Africa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|